E hana maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ea, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo nā ʻano a me nā hoʻohana o ka ea.
ʻO ka palakiko kahi ʻano o ka hui mole mole kiʻekiʻe (macrolecules) i polymerized ʻia e ka polymerization hoʻohui a i ʻole ka polycondensation react me ka monomer ma ke ʻano he mea pono. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano plastics me nā waiwai like ʻole, akā maʻalahi e māmā i ke kaupaona, maʻalahi e hana, maʻalahi e kiʻi i nā mea maka a haʻahaʻa i ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻa maikaʻi, hoʻoneʻe a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, hopena ākea nā waiwai kūʻē hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana a me ke ola kanaka.
Nā ʻano o nā lula:
(1) ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o nā mea ea he polymer matrix i kapa ʻia resin.
(2) He ea maikaʻi ka lula no ka uila, ka wela a me ke kani: ka uila uila, ke kūpaʻa arc, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻonani ʻana o ke kani, ka omo ʻana o ka leo, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka haʻalulu, kahi hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa walaʻau maikaʻi.
(3), ke kaʻina hana maikaʻi, ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia me nā huahana me ke ʻano paʻakikī, ka nui paʻa a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi i kahi manawa pōkole loa.
(4) Palapala mea maka: he ʻano mea ia me ka resin synthetic polymer (polymer) ma ke ʻano he mea nui, e komo ana i loko o nā mea kōkua like ʻole a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui me ka hoʻohana kikoʻī, me ka plastity a me ka fluidity ma lalo o ke ana wela a me ke kaomi, hiki ke mould i loko o kekahi kinona a mālama i ke kinona hoʻololi ʻole ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu ..
Hoʻokaʻawale lula
Wahi a ke ʻano mole mole o ke kēpau synthetic, hoʻopili pū nā mea hana palaka i nā thermoplastic a me nā thermosetting plastics: no nā plastic thermoplastic, nā mea ea i paʻa mau i ka palaka ma hope o ka hoʻomehana pinepine ʻana ʻo PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA a me nā mea hana maka ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka plastic thermosetting ka mea nui e pili ana i ka plastic i hana ʻia e ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī synthetic, e like me kekahi plastic phenolic a me amino plastic. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Polymer i nā mole liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi (monomer) e ka paʻa covalent.
1. Hoʻokaʻina e like me nā ʻano o ke kēpau i ka wā o ka hoʻomehana a me ke anuanu
(1) Nā lula ea Thermoset: ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, e hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana mole i kahi ʻano pūnaewele. Ke hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi polymer pūnaewele,
ʻaʻole e palupalu ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia [hoʻololi hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia], i kumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano mole.
(2), thermoplastics: pili i ka lula e hoʻoheheʻe ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, kahe i ka pala no ka hoʻoluʻolu a me ka hana ʻana, a laila hoʻoheheʻe ma hope o ka hoʻomehana. Hiki ke hoʻomehana a hoʻalili ʻia e hana [hoʻololi hoʻololi] (wai ← → paʻa), ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he hoʻololi kino.
A. Palapala laula: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. Nā ʻenehana ʻenehana laulā: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Nā ʻenehana ʻenekini Super: PPS. LCP
Wahi a ka laulā o ka noi, nui nā plastics laulā e like me PE / PP / PVC / PS a me nā ʻenehana ʻenekini e like me ABS / POM / PC / PA. Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi mau lula kūikawā, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kūpale ʻana, kūpaʻa ka popopo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻololi ʻia no nā hana kūikawā.
2. Hoʻokaʻina ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lula
(1) ʻO ka plastic maʻamau kahi ʻano lula i hoʻohana ākea ʻia. Nui kāna hoʻopuka, e helu ana ma kahi o ʻekolu hapahā o ka nui o ka hoʻopuka ea, a haʻahaʻa kāna kumu kūʻai. Hoʻohana ākea ia e hana i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā me ka liʻiliʻi o ke koʻikoʻi, e like me ka pūpū TV, ka leho kelepona, ka ipu ea, ka pahu ʻūlapa, a pēlā aku. He pilina pili loa ia me nā poʻe a lilo i pou nui o ka ʻoihana palakiko. Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastics laulā maʻamau he PE, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, etc.
(2) ʻO nā mea hana ʻenekini ʻoiai haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā plastics laulā, paʻakikī kona ʻano mechanical, neʻe paʻakikī ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa kūpaʻa e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā pono hale i kekahi hana ʻenehana a me nā pono hana. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā plastics ʻenehana. Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika mechanical a me ka rigidity, hiki iā ia ke pani i kekahi mau mea kila a ferrous ʻole paha, a hiki ke hana i nā ʻenekini a i ʻole nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻenekini me nā hanana paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kumu maoli ʻO PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM a me PC.
(3) Nā mea hana kūikawā kūikawā, i loaʻa nā hana kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau hanana kūikawā, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻume mākenēki, nā plastics ionomer, nā plastics pearlescent, nā plastic photosensitive, nā plastic medical, etc.
Noi o 10 resast lula ea kēpau:
1. Nā lula ea laulā
(1) .PP (polypropylene): ke ʻaʻā o ka ʻaila ʻaila, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lapalapa ahi polū; wai lana.
ʻO Homopolymer PP: translucent, flammable, uea kahakiʻi, nā mīkini uila, ka papa, nā huahana o kēlā me kēia lā.
Copolymerized PP: ke kala kūlohelohe, ka lapalapa ʻana, nā mīkini uila, nā pono pono pono o nā mīkini home.
Random copolymerization PP: aniani moakaka loa, lapalapa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ipu meaʻai, nā huahana ukana
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): kiʻekiʻe glossiness, puhi uahi, ʻala onaona; wai lū
Nā mea hana ABS: kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, lapalapa; pūpū uila, pā, nā pono hana, nā mea kani
Hoʻololi ABS: hoʻonui i ka rigidity a me ka pale ahi, non combustible; nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā ʻāpana uila
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): ʻaʻala o ka wela ʻana o ka mālamalama, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka lalo o ka lapalapa; wai lū
PVC paʻa: ikaika kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī, pale ahi; nā mea kūkulu hale, nā paipu
Pahee PVC: maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hana, paʻakikī e puhi; nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hana lima, nā mea kāhiko
2. ʻO nā plastic engineering
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): ahi melemele, uahi ʻeleʻele, ʻono kūikawā, ka wai i hoʻopili ʻia; ʻoʻoleʻa, kiʻekiʻe transparency, lapalapa-retardant; mīkini uila, CD, alakaʻi ʻia, nā pono o kēlā me kēia lā
(2) .PC / ABS (oka a): ʻala kūikawā, uahi ʻeleʻele melemele, ka wai i lū ʻia; ʻoʻoleʻa paʻakikī, keʻokeʻo, pale ahi; nā mea uila, hihia hihia, lako pono kamaʻilio
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): ke ʻano lohi, ka uahi melemele, ʻaʻala o ka lauoho; ʻoʻoleʻa, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, pale ahi; pono hana, ʻāpana mechanical, ʻāpana uila
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): puni melemele, ʻōuli polū haʻahaʻa, ʻala formaldehyde; ʻoʻoleʻa, kiʻekiʻe ikaika, lapalapa; kapa, ʻāpana mīkini
(5) .PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); ʻono ʻono kūikawā: transmittance kukui kiʻekiʻe; plexiglass, mea hana lima, nā mea hoʻonaninani, ʻōpala, hoʻokō kiʻi ʻoniʻoni
3. Pālolo elastomer
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): ʻono kūikawā; maikaʻi lahilahi, paʻakikī a ʻaʻa ʻole, puhi ahi; ʻāpana mīkini, ʻāpana uila
(2) .TPE: ʻala kūikawā, ʻulaʻula ahi; Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo SEBS, hoʻoneʻe i ka paʻakikī kino, waiwai kemika maikaʻi, lapalapa; mea pāʻani, ʻelima kuʻi lua, nā ʻeke paʻa, nā kaula, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā pono haʻuki.
Aia i ʻehā ʻano o ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe uila: hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoheheʻe, extrusion mōlina, calendering mōlina a me ka mōlina. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ka hana nui e loaʻa ai ka hanana paʻakikī a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana palekiko. Pono ka hana ʻana o ka pahu kui e hilinaʻi i nā ʻekolu mau mea o ka pahu kui hoʻoheheʻe, ka mīkini ʻīkī a me nā mea uila i piha i ka ʻōnaehana.Kuhi ʻo Mestech i ka hana hoʻoheheʻe palolo a me nā ʻāpana palaka no 10 mau makahiki, a ua hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻenehana waiwai a me ka ʻike. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia mākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka hana ʻana i ka popopo a me nā ʻenekini palolo i nā lawelawe mōlina, e ʻoluʻolu e leka uila mai.
Ka manawa Post: ʻOkakopa-16-2020